Last Updated : 07 May, 2024
Comments
Improve
Suggest changes
Like Article
Like
Save
Report
Similarities between C and C++ are:
- Both the languages have a similar syntax.
- Code structure of both the languages are same.
- The compilation of both the languages is similar.
- They share the same basic syntax. Nearly all of C’s operators and keywords are also present in C++ and do the same thing.
- C++ has a slightly extended grammar than C, but the basic grammar is the same.
- Basic memory model of both is very close to the hardware.
- Same notions of stack, heap, file-scope and static variables are present in both the languages.
Differences between C and C++ are:
C++ is often viewed as a superset of C. C++ is also known as a “C with class” This was very nearly true when C++ was originally created, but the two languages have evolved over time with C picking up a number of features that either weren’t found in the contemporary version of C++ or still haven’t made it into any version of C++. That said, C++ is still mostly a superset of C adding Object-Oriented Programming, Exception Handling, Templating, and a more extensive standard library.
Below is a table of some of the more obvious and general differences between C and C++. There are many more subtle differences between the languages and between versions of the languages.
C | C++ |
---|---|
C was developed by Dennis Ritchie between the year 1969 and 1973 at AT&T Bell Labs. | C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. |
C does no support polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance which means that C does not support object oriented programming. | C++ supports polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance because it is an object oriented programming language. |
C is (mostly) a subset of C++. | C++ is (mostly) a superset of C. |
Number of keywords in C: * C90: 32 * C99: 37 * C11: 44 * C23: 59 | Number of keywords in C++: * C++98: 63 * C++11: 73 * C++17: 73 * C++20: 81 |
For the development of code, C supports procedural programming. | C++ is known as hybrid language because C++ supports both procedural and object oriented programming paradigms. |
Data and functions are separated in C because it is a procedural programming language. | Data and functions are encapsulated together in form of an object in C++. |
C does not support information hiding. | Data is hidden by the Encapsulation to ensure that data structures and operators are used as intended. |
Built-in data types is supported in C. | Built-in & user-defined data types is supported in C++. |
C is a function driven language because C is a procedural programming language. | C++ is an object driven language because it is an object oriented programming. |
Function and operator overloading is not supported in C. | Function and operator overloading is supported by C++. |
C is a function-driven language. | C++ is an object-driven language |
Functions in C are not defined inside structures. | Functions can be used inside a structure in C++. |
Namespace features are not present inside the C. | Namespace is used by C++, which avoid name collisions. |
Standard IO header is stdio.h. | Standard IO header is iostream.h. |
Reference variables are not supported by C. | Reference variables are supported by C++. |
Virtual and friend functions are not supported by C. | Virtual and friend functions are supported by C++. |
C does not support inheritance. | C++ supports inheritance. |
Instead of focusing on data, C focuses on method or process. | C++ focuses on data instead of focusing on method or procedure. |
C provides malloc() and calloc() functions for dynamic memory allocation, and free() for memory de-allocation. | C++ provides new operator for memory allocation and delete operator for memory de-allocation. |
Direct support for exception handling is not supported by C. | Exception handling is supported by C++. |
scanf() and printf() functions are used for input/output in C. | cin and cout are used for input/output in C++. |
C structures don’t have access modifiers. | C ++ structures have access modifiers. |
There is no strict type checking in C programming language. | Strict type checking in done in C++. So many programs that run well in C compiler will result in many warnings and errors under C++ compiler. |
C does not support overloading | C++ does support overloading |
Type punning with unions is allows (C99 and later) | Type punning with unions is undefined behavior (except in very specific circumstances) |
Named initializers may appear out of order | Named initializers must match the data layout of the struct |
File extension is “.c” | File extension is “.cpp” or “.c++” or “.cc” or “.cxx” |
Meta-programming: macros + _Generic() | Meta-programming: templates (macros are still supported but discouraged) |
There are 32 keywords in the C | There are 97 keywords in the C++ |
Elevate your coding journey with a Premium subscription. Benefit from ad-free learning, unlimited article summaries, an AI bot, access to 35+ courses, and more-available only with GeeksforGeeks Premium! Explore now!
${secondsToHms(duration)}
${getTagsString(tags)}
'; } else{ let view_all_url = `${GFG_SITE_URL}videos/`; videos_content+=`
View All
`; } // videos_content+= '
'; } } return videos_content; } //function to show main video content with related videos content async function showMainVideoContent(main_video, course_link){ //Load main video $(".video-main").html(`
`); require(["ima"], function() { var player = videojs('article-video', { controls: true, // autoplay: true, // muted: true, controlBar: { pictureInPictureToggle: false }, playbackRates: [0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2], poster: main_video['meta']['largeThumbnail'], sources: [{src: main_video['source'], type: 'application/x-mpegURL'}], tracks: [{src: main_video['subtitle'], kind:'captions', srclang: 'en', label: 'English', default: true}] },function() { player.qualityLevels(); try { player.hlsQualitySelector(); } catch (error) { console.log("HLS not working - ") } document.getElementById('article-video-tab-content').style.display = 'block'; } ); const video = document.querySelector("video"); const events =[ { 'name':'play', 'callback':()=>{videoPlayCallback(main_video['slug'])} }, ]; events.forEach(event=>{ video.addEventListener(event.name,event.callback); }); // error handling for no compatible source player.on('error', function() { var error = player.error(); console.log("Video Error: ", error); if (error && error.code === 4) { console.log("No compatible source was found for this media."); hideVideoPlayer(); } }); }, function(err) { var player = videojs('article-video'); player.createModal('Something went wrong. Please refresh the page to load the video.'); hideVideoPlayer(); // hiding video in case of timeout (requirejs) console.log(err); }); // function to hide the video player function hideVideoPlayer() { var videoPlayer = document.getElementById('article-video'); if (videoPlayer) { videoPlayer.parentNode.removeChild(videoPlayer); } } /*let video_date = main_video['time']; video_date = video_date.split("/"); video_date = formatDate(video_date[2], video_date[1], video_date[0]); let share_section_content = `
${video_date}
`;*/ let hasLikeBtn = false; // console.log(share_section_content); var data = {}; if(false){ try { if((loginData && loginData.isLoggedIn == true)){ const resp = await fetch(`${API_SCRIPT_URL}logged-in-video-details/${main_video['slug']}/`,{ credentials: 'include' }) if(resp.status == 200 || resp.status == 201){ data = await resp.json(); share_section_content+= `
`; hasLikeBtn = true; } else { share_section_content+= `
`; } } else { share_section_content+= `
`; } //Load share section // $(".video-share-section").html(share_section_content); // let exitCond = 0; // const delay = (delayInms) => { // return new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, delayInms)); // } // while(!loginData){ // let delayres = await delay(1000); // exitCond+=1; // console.log(exitCond); // if(exitCond>5){ // break; // } // } // console.log(loginData); /*if(hasLikeBtn && loginData && loginData.isLoggedIn == true){ setLiked(data.liked) setSaved(data.watchlist) }*/ } catch (error) { console.log(error); } } //Load video content like title, description if(false){ $(".video-content-section").html(`
${main_video['title']}
${hideMainVideoDescription(main_video['description'], main_video['id'])}
${getTagsString(main_video['category'])} ${(course_link.length)? `
View Course
`:''} `); let related_vidoes = main_video['recommendations']; if(!!videos && videos.length>0){ //Load related videos $(".related-videos-content").html(getvideosContent()); } } //show video content // element = document.getElementById('article-video-tab-content'); // element.style.display = 'block'; $('.spinner-loading-overlay:eq(0)').remove(); $('.spinner-loading-overlay:eq(0)').remove(); } await showMainVideoContent(video_data, course_link); // fitRelatedVideosDescription(); } catch (error) { console.log(error); } } getVideoData(); /* $(window).resize(function(){ onWidthChangeEventsListener(); }); $('#video_nav_tab').click('on', function(){ fitRelatedVideosDescription(); });*/ });